CHALLENGES OF SMART TOURISM IN MALAYSIA ECO-TOURISM DESTINATIONS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v18i14.844Keywords:
Smart Tourism, Challenges, Domestic and International TouristsAbstract
Smartness helps in transferring and sharing information to facilitate tourism industry optimizing performance and competitiveness, generating solution for asset evaluation and shaping tourism products and services in a real-time. In Malaysia, tourism industry is moving forwards to acknowledge smart tourism concept as Malaysia Smart Tourism 4.0 initiatives is launched recently. Therefore, this study aims to identify challenges of smart tourism application in Malaysia. 400 respondents among domestic and international tourists were recruited for the study, using questionnaire survey in two eco-tourism destination, Pulau Langkawi and Cameron Highland. Chi-square test was used to assess the challenges. Awareness, security and privacy, and implementation mechanism of smart tourism are among the highest challenges were observed. This study extends for a new establishment of proper and comprehensive framework of smart tourism in Malaysia.Downloads
References
Bakici, T., Almirall, E., & Wareham, J. (2013). A smart city initiative: The case of Barcelona. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 4(2), 135-148.
Berelson, B. (1952). Content analysis in communication research. Glencoe, Illinois: Free Press.
Buhalis, D., & Amaranggana, A. (2014). Smart tourism destination, 553-564.
Blangy, S., & Wood, M. E. (1993). Developing and implementing ecotourism guidelines for wildlands and neighbouring communities, p.32-51 in Lindberg, K. & Hawkins, D. E. (eds). Ecotourism: A guide for planners and managers. The Ecotourism Society, North Bennington.
Boes, K., Buhalis, D., & Inversini, A. (2016). Smart tourism destinations: Ecosystems for tourism destination competitiveness. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 2(2),108-124.
Boote, D. N., & Beile, P. (2005). Scholars before researchers: On the centrality of the dissertation literature reviews in research preparation. Educational Researcher, 34(6), 3-15.
Caber, M., Albayrak, T., & Unal, C. (2016). Motivation-based segmentation of cruisetourists: A case study on international cruise tourists visiting Kusadasi, Turkey. Tourism in Marine Environments, 11(2), 101-108.
Caragliu, A., Del Bo, C., & Nijkamp, P. (2011). Smart cities in Europe. Journal of Urban Technology, 18(2), 65-82.
Chatterjee, S., & Kar, A.K. (2018). Effects of successful adoption information technology enabled services in proposed smart cities of India. Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management.
Datta, A. (2015). New Urban Utopias of postcolonial India: ‘Entrepreneurial Urbanization’ in Dholera Smart City, Gujarat. Dialogues Human Geographic. 5(1), 3-22.
Department of Statistics Malaysia (2019). Tourism Satellite Account 2018.
Duriau, V. J., Reger, R. K., & Pfarrer, M. D. (2007). A content analysis of the content analysis literature in organization studies. Organizational Research Methods, 10, 5-34.
Fanselow, M. S. (2018). Emotion, motivation and function. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 19(2), 105-109.
Gretzel, U., Werthner, H., Koo, C., & Lamsfus, C. (2015). Conceptual foundations for understanding smart tourism ecosystems. Computers in Human Behaviour, 50, 558-563.
Gretzel, U. (2011). Intelligent systems in tourism: A social science perspective. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(3), 757-779.
Harrison, C., Eckman, B., Hamilton, R., Hartswick, P., Kalagnanam, J., Paraszczak, J., & William, P. (2010). Foundation for Smarter Cities. IBM Journal of Research and Development, 54(4), 1-16.
Holsti, O. R. (1968). Content analysis. In Gardner Lindzey & Elliot Aroson (eds.). The Handbook of Social Psychology, 596-692.
Kang, H., Jiang, X., & Chow, M. (2006). Study on the behavioral intention toward caring mechanically ventilated patients among nurses in ICU and non-ICU settings in Chengdu. Journal of Nurses Training, 22(1), 7-9.
Kassarjian, H. H. (1977). Content analysis in consumer research. Journal of Consumer Research, 4(1), 8-18.
Kolbe, R. H., & Burnett, M. S. (1991). Content-analysis research: An examination of applications with directives for improving research reliability and objectivity. Journal of Consumer Research, 18, 243-250.
Korkmaz, H., Atay, L., & Yalçinkaya, P. (2018). An evaluation on smart tourism. China-USA Business Review, 17 (6), 308-315.
Lamsfus, C., & Alzua-Sorzabal, A. (2013). Theoretical framework for a tourism internet of things: Smart destination. Journal of Tourism and Human Mobility, (0), 16-21.
Lee, C., & Chang, C. (2008). Tourism development and economic growth: A closer look at panels. Tourism Management, 29, 180-192.
Lee, J. H., Hancock, M. G., & Mei-Chih, H. (2014). Towards an effective framework for building smart cities: Lessons from Seoul and San Francisco. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 89, 80-99.
Liu, S. (2005). A theoretic discussion of tourism e-commerce. 7th International Conference on Electronic Commerce, ACM Press, New York, 1-5.
Ng, T. H., Lye, C. T., Lim, Y. S. (2016). A decomposition analysis of CO² emissions: Evidence from Malaysia’s tourism industry. International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology, 23(3), 266-277.
Odendall, N. (2011). Splintering urbanism or split agendas? Examining the spatial distribution of technology access in relation to ICT policy in Durban, South Africa. Urban Studies. 48(11), 2375-2397.
Ollenrenshaw, J., Rybak, S., Hill, B. (1999). Le Tourisme. Breakthorugh French, 3, 19-36.
Ritchie, J.R.B., Tung, V.W.S., & Ritchie, R.J.B. (2011). Tourism experience management research. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 23(4), 419-438.
Rocco, S. T., & Plakhotnik, S. M. (2009). Literature reviews, conceptual framework and theoretical frameworks: Terms, functions and distinctions. Human Resource Development Review, 8(1), 120-130.
Sheldon, P. J. (1997). Tourism Information Technology. Cab International, Pennsylvania State University.
Soteriades, M., & Avgeli, V. (2007). Promoting tourism destinations: A strategic marketing approach. Tourism Review, 55 (3), 335-345.
Syahriah Bachok, Tuan Anisdiana Tuan Mohd Amin, Syakir Amir Ab Rahman. (2018). In pursuit of economically competitive agro-tourism sector: The case of Terengganu Homestay, Malaysia. Planning Malaysia, 16(2), 164-174.
Syakir Amir, Mariana Mohamed Osman, Syahriah Bachok, Mansor Ibrahim, Ismawi Zen. (2017). Planning Malaysia, 15(1), 89-108.
Tussyadiah, I. P., & Zach, F. J. (2012). The role of geo-based technology in place experiences. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(2), 780-800.
Vanolo, A. (2013). Smartmentality: The smart city as disciplinary strategy. Urban Studies, 51(5), 883-898.
Vasavada, M., & Padhiyar, Y. Y. (2016). “Smart Tourism”; Growth for Tomorrow. Journal for Research, 1(12), 55-61.
Wang, D., Li, X., & Li, Y. (2013). China’s “smart tourism destination” initiative: A taste of the service-dominant logic. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management, 2(2), 59-61.
Wang, J.Y., Xie, C.W., Huang, Q.W., & Morrison A.M. (2020). Smart tourism destination experiences: The mediating impact of arousal levels. Tourism Management Perspectives. 35, 1-11.
World Tourism Organization (1980). Manila Declaration on World Tourism. World Tourism Organization, Madrid.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright & Creative Commons Licence
eISSN: 0128-0945 © Year. The Authors. Published for Malaysia Institute of Planners. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.
The authors hold the copyright without restrictions and also retain publishing rights without restrictions.
