CATASTROPHIC FLOODING IN PAHANG, MALAYSIA: WHAT WENT WRONG WITH THE FLOOD RESPONSE?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v22i34.1627Keywords:
Flood, Flood Response, Climate Change, PahangAbstract
This study aims to critically analyse the flood response in Pahang, Malaysia, focusing on identifying the issues and challenges from the perspectives of responsible agencies. Using qualitative research methods, including face-to-face interviews with 30 officers from various emergency response agencies, the study adopted thematic analysis to identify key issues. Findings indicated significant challenges, such as acute manpower shortages, severe deficiencies in logistical assets, substantial communication barriers, and coordination problems between agencies. The study underscored the need for improved resource allocation, enhanced communication technologies, better logistical planning, and stronger inter-agency cooperation to enhance flood response efficiency and effectiveness. Recommendations include adopting more robust communication technologies, comprehensive logistical asset management, proactive federal support, and a thorough overhaul of current emergency response protocols. This research highlights the urgent need for a more resilient and efficient disaster management framework to mitigate the impact of future floods.
Downloads
References
Alexander, D. (2015). Disaster and Emergency Planning for Preparedness, Response, and Recovery. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Natural Hazard Science. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199389407.013.12 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199389407.013.12
Alexander, M., Priest, S., & Mees, H. (2016). A framework for evaluating flood risk governance. Environmental Science and Policy, 64, 38–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2016.06.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2016.06.004
Amin, I. A., & Hashim, H. S. (2014). Disaster Risk Reduction in Malaysian Urban Planning. Journal of the Malaysian Institute of Planners, XII, 35–58.
Ata, F. M., Toriman, M. E., Desa, S., Liew, Y. S., & Kamarudin, M. K. A. (2023). Development of Hydrological Modelling using HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS for Flood Hazard Mapping at Junjung River Catchment. Journal of the Malaysian Institute of Planners VOLUME, 21(6). DOI: https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v21i30.1390
Beamon, B. M. (2004). Humanitarian relief chains: issues and challenges. International Conference on Computers and Industrial Engineering, 34, 14–16.
Bernama. (2021, December 21). Banjir terburuk pernah dilalui sejak 1971. Harian Metro.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Colorado University, S. (2004). An Introduction to Content Analysis. Colorado State University. http://www.umsl.edu/~wilmarthp/mrpc-web-resources/content-analysis.pdf
Comfort, L. K., Ko, K., & Zagorecki, A. (2004). Coordination in rapidly evolving disaster response systems: The role of information. American Behavioral Scientist, 48(3), 295–313. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764204268987 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764204268987
Comfort, Louise. K., Boin, A., & Demchak, C. C. (2011). Designing Resilience: Preparing for Extreme Events. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 2(2), 178–180. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe.2011.2.2.178.1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe.2011.2.2.178.1
Cutter, S. L., Burton, C. G., & Emrich, C. T. (2010). Disaster Resilience Indicators for Benchmarking Baseline Conditions. Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.2202/1547-7355.1732 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2202/1547-7355.1732
Fereday, J., & Muir-Cochrane, E. (2006). Demonstrating Rigor Using Thematic Analysis: A Hybrid Approach of Inductive and Deductive Coding and Theme Development. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 5(1), 80–92. https://doi.org/10.1177/160940690600500107 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/160940690600500107
Guldberg, H., Jacob, O., Bindi, M., Brown, S., Camilloni, I., & Diedhiou, A. (2018). Impacts of 1.5°C Global Warming on Natural and Human Systems. https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/02/SR15_Chapter3_Low_Res.pdf
Hammarberg, K., Kirkman, M., & De Lacey, S. (2016). Qualitative research methods: When to use them and how to judge them. Human Reproduction, 31(3), 498–501. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dev334 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dev334
Huntjens, P., Pahl-Wostl, C., & Grin, J. (2010). Climate change adaptation in European river basins. Regional Environmental Change, 10(4), 263–284. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-009-0108-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-009-0108-6
Joffe, H., & Yardley, L. (2004). Content and thematic analysis. In Research methods for clinical and health psychology. SAGE Publications.
Kapucu, N. (2006). Interagency communication networks during emergencies: Boundary spanners in multiagency coordination. American Review of Public Administration, 36(2), 207–225. https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074005280605 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074005280605
King, D., Gurtner, Y., Firdaus, A., Harwood, S., & Cottrell, A. (2016). Land use planning for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation: Operationalizing policy and legislation at local levels. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 7(2), 158–172. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJDRBE-03-2015-0009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJDRBE-03-2015-0009
Kuller, M., Schoenholzer, K., & Lienert, J. (2021). Creating effective flood warnings: A framework from a critical review. In Journal of Hydrology (Vol. 602). Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126708 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126708
Leeuw, S. De, Vis, I. F. A., & Jonkman, S. N. (2009). Logistics aspects of emergency preparedness in flood disaster prevention. Serie Research Memoranda, 44, 1–24.
Mabahwi, N. A., & Nakamura, H. (2020). The Issues and Challenges of Flood-related Agencies in Malaysia. Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal, 5(13), 285–290. https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v5i13.2069 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v5i13.2069
Mabahwi, N. A., Nakamura, H., & Bhattacharya, Y. (2020). Flood Risk Management in Malaysia: The current hindrances for flood related agencies. Asian Journal of Behavioural Studies, 5(19), 11–24. https://doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v5i19.190 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v5i19.190
Malalgoda, C., Amaratunga, D., & Haigh, R. (2016). Overcoming challenges faced by local governments in creating a resilient built environment in cities. Disaster Prevention and Management, 25(5), 628–648. https://doi.org/10.1108/DPM-11-2015-0260 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/DPM-11-2015-0260
Malek, R. A. (2021, January 6). Pembelian panik di bandar Mentakab? BH Online.
McCombes, S. (2019). How to Write Methodology | A Step-by-Step Guide. https://www.scribbr.co.uk/thesis-dissertation/methodology/
Meyer, M. D., McLeod, S., Fidell, T., Gajjar, H., Sood, D., Kamali, M., Wingate, R., Willauer, D. O., & Southworth, F. (2019). Freight Transportation Resilience in Response to Supply Chain Disruptions. Transportation Research Board. https://doi.org/10.17226/25463 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17226/25463
Moe, T. L., & Pathranarakul, P. (2006). An integrated approach to natural disaster management: Public project management and its critical success factors. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal, 15(3), 396–413. https://doi.org/10.1108/09653560610669882 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/09653560610669882
Mohamed, M., Ragab, M. A., & Arisha, A. (2016). Qualitative Analysis Methods.
Moynihan, D. P. (2009). The network governance of crisis response: Case studies of incident command systems. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 19(4), 895–915. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mun033 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mun033
Naser, W. N., & Saleem, H. B. (2018). Emergency and disaster management training; knowledge and attitude of Yemeni health professionals- a cross-sectional study. BMC Emergency Medicine, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-018-0174-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-018-0174-5
Rahman, A. R. (2021, December 21). Banjir: Mangsa di Pahang meningkat kepada 39,598 orang. Kosmo.
Razali, S. A. (2021, December 27). Banjir: 48 kematian, 5 masih hilang - PDRM. Berita Harian.
Riessman, C. K. (2005). Narrative Analysis. In Narrative, Memory & Everyday Life. University of Huddersfield, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412963909 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412963909
Salmon, P., Stanton, N., Jenkins, D., & Walker, G. (2011). Coordination during multi-agency emergency response: Issues and solutions. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal, 20(2), 140–158. https://doi.org/10.1108/09653561111126085 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/09653561111126085
Sean, O. H. (2013). Floods: No let-up in Pahang, blackout in Kuantan as waters rise. The Star. https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2013/12/04/floods-pahang-kuantan-blackout
Shahid, K. W., Xinhai, L., & Muhammad, R. (2014). Issues and Challenges in Inter-Organizations’ Disaster Management in Underdeveloped Coastal Areas of Pakistan. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 4(5), 140–155. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v4-i5/844 DOI: https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v4-i5/844
Smith, K. (2013). Environmental Hazards Assessing Risk and Reducing Disaster (6th ed.). Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203805305
Tierney, K. J. (2007). From the margins to the mainstream? Disaster research at the crossroads. Annual Review of Sociology, 33, 503–525. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.33.040406.131743 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.33.040406.131743
Tingsanchali, T. (2012). Urban flood disaster management. Procedia Engineering, 32, 25–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.01.1233 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.01.1233
Trenberth, K. E. (2011). Changes in precipitation with climate change. Climate Research, 47(1–2), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.3354/cr00953 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/cr00953
William, L. W. Jr., Waugh, J., & Streib, G. (2006). Collaboration and Leadership for Effective Emergency Management. Public Administration Review, Special Issue.
Wu, J., Huang, C., Pang, M., Wang, Z., Yang, L., FitzGerald, G., & Zhong, S. (2019). Planned sheltering as an adaptation strategy to climate change: Lessons learned from the severe flooding in Anhui Province of China in 2016. Science of the Total Environment, 694. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133586 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133586
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 Unported License.
Copyright & Creative Commons Licence
eISSN: 0128-0945 © Year. The Authors. Published for Malaysia Institute of Planners. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.
The authors hold the copyright without restrictions and also retain publishing rights without restrictions.