THE MODERATING INFLUENCE OF DOMESTIC TRAVELER PERCEIVED RISK IN FAMILY TOURISM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v22i34.1638Keywords:
Family travel, travel motivation, perceived destination image, perceived risk, intention to travel domesticallyAbstract
Risk is fundamental in the choice evaluation and behaviour of tourists. Understanding tourists' shifting preferences towards a destination is imperative in the post-COVID era. Compared to other types of tourism, literature on family tourism travel behaviour has been limited, especially for outbound family tourists shifting to domestic destinations for holidays. This study used 220 samples for data analysis with Smart PLS 4.0. The findings show that perceived destination image directly affects the intention to travel domestically. The perceived risk significantly moderates this relationship. Enhancing the destination's image by emphasising its unique qualities and mitigating unfavourable conditions by establishing a secure environment is crucial.
Downloads
References
Arokiasamy, A. R. A., Smith, P. L., & Kijbumrung, T. (2021). Conceptualizing post-COVID-19 Malaysia’s Tourism Recovery: An Auto-Regressive Neural Network Analysis. Emerging Science Journal, 5, 119–129. https://doi.org/10.28991/esj-2021-sper-10 DOI: https://doi.org/10.28991/esj-2021-SPER-10
Balińska, A., & Olejniczak, W. (2021). Experiences of Polish Tourists Traveling for Leisure Purposes during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132111919 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su132111919
Baloglu, S. (2000). A Path Analytic Model of Visitation Intention Involving Information Sources, Socio-Psychological Motivations, and Destination Image. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 8(3), 81–90. https://doi.org/10.1300/J073v08n03_05 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1300/J073v08n03_05
Bavel, J. J. V., Baicker, K., Boggio, P. S., Capraro, V., Cichocka, A., Cikara, M., ... & Willer, R. (2020). Using social and behavioural science to support COVID-19 pandemic response. Nature human behaviour, 4(5), 460–471. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-0884-z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-0884-z
Bigne, J. E., Sanchez, M. I., & Sanchez, J. (2001). Tourism image, evaluation variables and after purchase behaviour: inter-relationship. Tourism Management, 22(6), 607-616. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(01)00035-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(01)00035-8
Bonn, M., Joseph, S., & Dai, M. (2005). International versus domestic visitors: An examination of destination image perceptions. Journal of Travel Research, 43, 294-301. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287504272033 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287504272033
Carballo, R. R., Leon, C. J., & Carballo, M. M. (2021). The impact of terrorist attacks in cities on the relationship between tourists' risk perception, destination image and behavioural intentions. Cities, 119, 103382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2021.103382 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2021.103382
Chaudhuri, A. (2000). A Macro Analysis of the Relationship of Product Involvement and Information Search: The Role of Risk. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 8(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/10696679.2000.11501856 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10696679.2000.11501856
Chen, C.F. & Tsai, D.C. (2007). How destination image and evaluative factors affect behavioral intentions? Tourism Management, 28(4), 1115-1122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2006.07.007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2006.07.007
Cheung, C., Takashima, M., Choi, H., Yang, H., & Tung, V. (2021). The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological needs of tourists: implications for the travel and tourism industry. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 38(2), 155–166. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2021.1887055 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2021.1887055
Crouch, G. I., & Ritchie, J. B. (2011). Destination competitiveness and its implications for host-community QOL. In Handbook of tourism and quality-of-life research: Enhancing the lives of tourists and residents of host communities (pp. 491–513). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2288-0_29
Douglas, A., Hoogendoorn, G., & Richards, G. (2024). Activities as the critical link between motivation and destination choice in cultural tourism. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 7(1), 249-271. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-09-2022-0442
Endah, P. E., Umar, N., Suharyono, S., & Andriani, K. (2017). Study on destination image, satisfaction, Trust and Behavioral Intention. Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences, 61(1), 148-159. https://doi.org/10.18551/rjoas.2017-01.15 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18551/rjoas.2017-01.15
Expert Market Research. (2024). Tourism market report. Retrieved from https://www.expertmarketresearch.com/reports/tourism-market
Gladwell, N. J. (1990). A psychographic and sociodemographic analysis of state park in users. Journal of Travel Research, 28(4), 15–20. https://doi.org/10.1177/004728759002800404 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/004728759002800404
Hair, J. F., Thomas, G., Hult, M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2022). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (3rd ed.). Thousand Oakes, CA: Sage. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80519-7
Hassan, A. (2021). Family tourism and it’s future in the post-COVID-19 era. Future of tourism in Asia, 213-227. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1669-3_13
Hin, Y. S., Mohamed, B., Marzuki, A., & Paisar, S. M. (2024). Travel Motivations of Domestic Tourists to Penang, Malaysia. Planning Malaysia, 22(4), 516 – 527 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v22i33.1565
Hsieh, C. M., Park, S. H., & McNally, R. (2016). Application of the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior to Intention to Travel to Japan Among Taiwanese Youth: Investigating the Moderating Effect of Past Visit Experience. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 33(5), 717–729. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2016.1167387 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2016.1167387
Karl, M. (2018). Risk and uncertainty in travel decision-making: Tourist and destination perspective. Journal of Travel Research, 57(1), 129-146. http://doi.org/10.1177/0047287516678337 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287516678337
Kim, D. J., Ferrin, D. L., & Rao, H. R. (2008). A trust-based consumer decision-making model in electronic commerce: The role of trust, perceived risk, and their antecedents. Decision support systems, 44(2), 544-564. http://doi:10.1016/j.dss.2007.07.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2007.07.001
Kim, J. H. (2014). The antecedents of memorable tourism experiences: The development of a scale to measure the destination attributes associated with memorable experiences. Tourism Management, 44, 34-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2014.02.007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2014.02.007
Kim, S., & Lehto, X. Y. (2013). Travel by families with children possessing disabilities: Motives and activities. Tourism management, 37, 13-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.12.011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.12.011
Lam, T., & Hsu, C. H. (2006). Predicting behavioral intention of choosing a travel destination. Tourism Management, 27(4), 589-599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2005.02.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2005.02.003
Li, M., Lehto, X., & Li, H. (2020). 40 Years of Family Tourism Research: Bibliometric Analysis and Remaining Issues. Journal of China Tourism Research, 16(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/19388160.2020.1733337 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19388160.2020.1733337
Lin, C. H., Morais, D. B., Kerstetter, D. L., & Hou, J. S. (2007). Examining the role of cognitive and affective image in predicting choice across natural, developed, and theme-park destinations. Journal of Travel Research, 46(2), 183-194.http://doi 10.1177/0047287507304049 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287506304049
Matiza, T., & Kruger, M. (2021). Ceding to their fears: a taxonomic analysis of the heterogeneity in COVID-19 associated perceived risk and intended travel behaviour. Tourism Recreation Research, 46(2), 158–174. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2021.1889793 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2021.1889793
Mohtar J. & Azizi A (2020) Family tourism can boost industry savaged by Covid-19 outbreak https://www.emirresearch.com/family-tourism-can-boost-industry-savaged-by-covid-19-outbreak/
Peluso, A. M., & Pichierri, M. (2021). Vacation preferences in the COVID-19 era: An investigation of age-related effects. Current Issues in Tourism, 24(19), 2710-2715. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2021.1902288 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2021.1902288
San Martín, H., & Del Bosque, I. A. R. (2008). Exploring the cognitive-affective nature of destination image and the role of psychological factors in its formation. Tourism Management, 29(2), 263-277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2007.03.012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2007.03.012
Schänzel, H. (2021). Connecting through family tourism and social inclusion: At the heart of society. In Families, Sport, Leisure and Social Justice (pp. 127-138). Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429323300-13
Shehab, E., Som, A. P. M., & Al Qassem, A. (2023). Destination image and tourist retention in Jerusalem. Planning Malaysia, 21(1), 203 – 214. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v21i25.1234
Sohn, J., Alakshendra, A., Kim, H., Kim, K., & Kim, H. (2021). Understanding the New Characteristics and Development Strategies of Coastal Tourism for Post-COVID-19: A Case Study in Korea. Sustainability, 13(13), 7408. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137408 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137408
Souiden, N., Ladhari, R., & Chiadmi, N. (2017). Destination personality and destination image. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 32, 54–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2017.04.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2017.04.003
World Metrics. (2023). Family travel statistics. Retrieved from https://worldmetrics.org/family-travel-statistics/
Yeoman, I. S., Schänzel, H. A., & Zentveld, E. (2022). Tourist behaviour in a COVID-19 world: a New Zealand perspective. Journal of Tourism Futures, 8(2), 155-176. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-03-2021-0082
Zamri, N.N (2022). 11 Best Destinations in Malaysia for Your Next Family Holiday. https://www.holidaytourstravel.com/malaysia-family-holiday/
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 Unported License.
Copyright & Creative Commons Licence
eISSN: 0128-0945 © Year. The Authors. Published for Malaysia Institute of Planners. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.
The authors hold the copyright without restrictions and also retain publishing rights without restrictions.