LOW-CARBON ADOPTION IN JOHOR HOUSING DEVELOPMENT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v22i32.1519Keywords:
Low-Carbon Adoption, Development Cost Implications, Gross Development Costs, Housing Development, MalaysiaAbstract
Construction activities have been identified as one of the sectors that contribute to high gas emissions, which inspires low-carbon housing development. This paper discusses the adoption of low-carbon design/features in Johor housing development and its cost implications. Five landed and high-rise housing case studies were gathered and analysed from both expert interviews and document analysis. Findings indicate that landed housing exerted more low-carbon design/features than high-rise housing due to design economics implications with an additional cost of 17.5% for high-rise and 10% for landed. The hard costs accounted for 83.5% of high-rise projects and 66% of landed ones, while the soft costs accounted for 16% of high-rise projects and 27% of landed ones. The remaining land costs depend on the developer's land bank and the land's book value. In conclusion, despite the higher development costs, low-carbon design/features adoption is worth considering for a more sustainable housing development in Malaysia.
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