THE EFFECT OF AN OVERNIGHT POLICY RATE (OPR) HIKE ON HOME LOAN IN MALAYSIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v22i31.1475Keywords:
Overnight Policy Rate (OPR), Home LoanAbstract
Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) has employed numerous monetary policies to reduce inflation and ensure financial stability. It includes the change in the Overnight Policy Rate (OPR), which is the benchmark interest rate at which banks borrow and lend cash overnight. The purpose of this research was to explore the implementation of OPR and the effect of OPR hike towards home loans. This was achieved through a qualitative research design involving interviews with representatives (bankers) from Bank Negara Malaysia as well as conventional and Islamic banks. The results revealed that OPR implementation is conducted by Bank Negara Malaysia through the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC), which is in charge of developing policies for conducting monetary activities. While the OPR hike inflicts an impact on the interest rates of home loans, statistics from BNM showed an increase of home loan borrowers during the third quarter of this year compared to the second quarter across both conventional and Islamic banks. These findings offer critical insights into the effects of OPR increase on Malaysian home loans. Therefore, financial institutions should establish risk management measures while simultaneously providing home buyers with reasonable and accessible financing choices.
Downloads
References
Abdul Karim, Z., Said, F. F., & Jusoh, M. M. (2014). Monetary policy and inflation targeting in a small open-economy. Retrieved from MPRA Paper: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/23949/
Azanis, S. A. (2022, 12 13). Tepid outlook for Malaysia's property sector, says MIDF Research. Retrieved from New Straits Times: https://www.nst.com.my/business/2022/12/860324/tepid-outlook-malaysias-property-sector-says-midf-research
Bank Islam. (2023, December 22). About Us: Bank Islam. Retrieved from Bank Islam: https://www.bankislam.com/corporate-info/about-us/
Bank Negara Malaysia. (2022). BNM Annual Report 2022. Kuala Lumpur: Bank Negara Malaysia.
Bank Negara Malaysia. (2023). About the bank: Bank Negara Malaysia. Retrieved from Bank Negara Malaysia: https://www.bnm.gov.my/introduction
Bank Negara Malaysia. (2023). Loan Indicators. BNM Quarterly Bulletin Vol. 38 No. 3, 29.
Bank Negara Malaysia. (2023). Monetary Policy Committee Meeting Schedule: Bank Negara Malaysia. Retrieved from Bank Negara Malaysia: https://www.bnm.gov.my/monetary-stability/mpc-meetings/-/tag/mpc-2022
Bank Negara Malaysia. (2023). Monetary Stability: Bank Negara Malaysia. Retrieved from Bank Negara Malaysia: https://www.bnm.gov.my/monetary-stability
Bank Negara Malaysia. (2023). Overnight Polivy Rate Decisions. Retrieved from Bank Negara Malaysia: https://www.bnm.gov.my/monetary-stability/opr-decisions
Bernama. (2020, March 22). Bank Islam employee tested positive for COVID-19 but no service disruption at HQ. Retrieved from The Malaysia Reserve: https://themalaysianreserve.com/2020/03/22/bank-islam-employee-tested-positive-for-covid-19-but-no-service-disruption-at-hq/
Brito, D. R., & Bystedt, B. (2010). Inflation targeting in emerging economies: Panel evidence. Journal of Development Economic, 198-210. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2009.09.010
Dieter, N., & Jan, S. (2011). Monetary policy implementation and overnight. Journal of International Money and Finance, 1.
Dr., B. P., Dr., I. S., & Nihar, R. S. (2017). Home Loan. Journal of Advance Management Research, 71.
European Central Bank. (2010). The ECB's Monetary Policy Stance during the Financial Crisis. ECB Monthly Bulletin, 63-71.
Foo, Z. T. (2009). The Impact Interest Rate and Exchange Rate on the Stock Market Index in Malaysia: A Cointegration Analysis. Master of Business Administration Project Paper, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
James, C. (2022, July 21). Exchange Rates: What They Are, How They Work, Why They Fluctuate. Retrieved from Investopedia: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/exchangerate.asp
James, C. (2022, 06 10). Overnight Rate (Federal Funds Rate): Definition and How It Works. Retrieved from Investopedia: https://www.propertyguru.com.my/property-guides/what-is-overnight-policy-rate-opr-malaysia-14728
Jasmin, E. D., Eduard, J. D., & Veronica, B. B. (2012). A Note on the Use of the BSP Overnight Policy Rate as the Major Instrument of Monetary Policy. Bangko Sentral Ng Pilipinas Economic Newsletter, 1.
John, A. X. (2014, November 29). Should the OPR be revised? Retrieved from New Straits Times: https://www.nst.com.my/news/2015/09/should-opr-be-revised
Joshua, A., & Michael, M. H. (2012). Exchange market pressure and absorption by international reserves: Emerging markets and fear of reserve loss during the 2008–2009 crisis. Journal of International Money and Finance, 1076-1091. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2011.12.011
Kaitlin, G. (2022, October 6). What is Field Study? Retrieved from Study.com: https://study.com/academy/lesson/field-study-definition-research-quiz.html
Karin, K. (2023, June 9). What is Data Analysis? Methods, Process and Types Explained. Retrieved from Simpli Learn: https://www.simplilearn.com/data-analysis-methods-process-types-article#what_is_data_analysis
Kathy, B. (2023, 3 10). The effect of keeping or raising the OPR on the housing market. Retrieved from New Straits Times: https://www.nst.com.my/property/2023/03/887822/effect-keeping-or-raising-opr-housing-market
Kaur, S. (2021, October 26). Maybank to move part of operations at HQ to i-City. Retrieved from New Straits Times: https://www.nst.com.my/business/2021/10/739646/maybank-move-part-operations-hq-i-city#google_vignette
Lukman, S. (2022, November 15). The State of the Nation: Bank Negara may front-load more OPR hikes in 2023 to tackle core inflation. Retrieved from Department of Statistic Malaysia: https://www.dosm.gov.my/uploads/content-downloads/file_20221215123639.pdf
Maire, M. (2021, April 19). How to target respondents. Retrieved from Bounce Insight: https://bounceinsights.com/how-to-target-respondents/
Majid. (2010). How sticky is the adjustment of retail interest rates in Malaysia? Empirical evidence from commercial banks and finance companies. Banker’s Journal Malaysia, The Journal of the Institute of Bankers Malaysia, 3-21.
Malayan Banking Berhad. (2023, December 22). About Us: Maybank. Retrieved from Maybank: https://www.maybank.com/en/about-us.page
McCombes, S. (2021, June 21). What Is a Research Design | Types, Guide & Examples. Retrieved from Scribbr: https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/research-design/
Mikail, O. (2022, May 28). OPR hike to head off inflation. Retrieved from New Straits Times: https://www.nst.com.my/opinion/letters/2022/05/800154/opr-hike-head-inflation
Noor, A. Y., Tzeng, Y. Y., & Carl B. McGowan, J. (2014). Overnight Policy Rate Changes and Stock Market Reactions- The Experience in Malaysia. Accounting and Finance Research, 2.
Oner, C. (2017). Inflation: Prices on the Rise. Finance and Development, 30-31.
Pathak, V., Jena, B., & Kalra, S. (2013). Qualitative research. Perespectives in Clinical Reserach, 192. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-3485.115389
Poon, C. W., & Tong, K. G. (2009). The feasibility of inflation targeting in Malaysia. Economic Bulletin, 1035-1045.
Potters, C. (2021, January 1). Economics: What Is Economic Growth and How Is It Measured? Retrieved from Investopedia: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/economicgrowth.asp#:~:text=Economic%20growth%20is%20an%20increase%20in%20the%20production%20of%20goods,all%20contribute%20to%20economic%20growth.
Priyatharisiny, V. (2022, 11 14). The State of the Nation: Bank Negara may front-load more OPR hikes in 2023 to tackle core inflation. Retrieved from The Edge Market: https://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/state-nation-bank-negara-may-frontload-more-opr-hikes-2023-tackle-core-inflation
Sharen, K. (2023, 3 1). Home loan applications to slow because of OPR, consumer confidence. Retrieved from New Straits Times: https://www.nst.com.my/property/2023/03/884617/home-loan-applications-slow-because-opr-consumer-confidence
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 Unported License.
Copyright & Creative Commons Licence
eISSN: 0128-0945 © Year. The Authors. Published for Malaysia Institute of Planners. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.
The authors hold the copyright without restrictions and also retain publishing rights without restrictions.