THE RELIABILITY TEST OF VISUAL LANDSCAPE FEATURES MEASUREMENT IN HIGHLANDS TOURISM PLANNING

Authors

  • Nafisa Hosni Centre for Innovative Planning and Development (CiPD) Faculty of Built Environment UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
  • Nooraini Yusoff Centre for Innovative Planning and Development (CiPD) Faculty of Built Environment UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
  • Hairul Nizam Ismail Faculty of Built Environment UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v11i2.121

Keywords:

visual landscape assessment, visual structure ana lysis, urban planning, GIS application, highlands, tourism, expert based assessment

Abstract

Utilizing accessible data in objective measurement of visual landscape can assist planners and landscape architects to assess and understand the landscape in a technical sense. This approach requires minimal digital physical data provided by various agencies. As with this approach, the study tests the validity of objective measurement in visual landscape using the photography method for perceptual testing in 48 test scenes. The correlations between these assessments are carried out; the result of which demonstrated that the measurement used in the study for visual landscape assessment is statistically acceptable for application with significant correlation (p<O.O I) and moderate association (0.446). In the local context this study found that village is more preferable than other built up areas. The agriculture views which are dominated in the scene are preferable than the agriculture that present in the middle ground view only. It is also found the quality of the agriculture view is influenced by the condition and manageable view, whereas the combination of forest and agriculture at the foreground and middle ground is less attractive. The study has provided more reliable objective measurement of visual landscape for highlands tourism planning.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Appleton, J ., (1975). The Experience of Landscape.London, New York, Sidney, Toronto, John Willey & Sons.

Aziz, A. and Zaino!, N.A. (2009). Local and Foreign Tourist's image of Highlands Tourism in Peninsular Malaysia. Pertanika Journal of Social Science & Humanity, 17 ( I), 33-45.

Bacon, W. R. ( 1979). The Visual Management System of Forest Service, USDA. The national Conference on Applied Techniques for Analys is and Management of The Visual Resources. Nevada.

Bailie, J.E.M, C. Hilton, Taylor, S.N. (2004). 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species A Global Species Assessment . . Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN.

Barbara, C., ( 1998). The Great Hill Station of Asia. New York. Westview press

Blischke W.R., Bush J.W. and Kaplan R.M. (1975). Successive Intervals Analysis of Preference Measures in a Health Status Index. Health Service Research. Summer, 10(2): 18 1- 198

Brown, T.C. and Daniel, T.C., ( 1984). Modelling forest scenic beauty: concepts and application to Ponderosa Pine. In: USDA Forest Research Service Research Paper RM-256, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experimental Station, Fort Collins, CO.

Buang, S., (200 I). Cameron Highlands is dying. News Straits Times: www.highbeam.com/doc/ IP 1-14277760 I .html (retrieved 21 January 2008)

Clifton, J. (2006). Promoting Sustainable Tourism in the Cameron Highlands: An overview of current issues and some proposal. In C.N.Weng, Cameron Highlands: Issues and Challenges for sustainable Development (pp. 56-61). Penang: Universiti Sains Malaysia Publication

Council of Shetland Island (2006). Basic Principles of Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment For Sponsors of Developme111: Guidelines.

Countryside Agency and Scottish Natural Heritage (2002). Landscape Character Assessment: guidance for England and Scotland. http ://www.snh.org. uk/wwo/shari nggoodpractice/cci/cc i/gu idance/ (retrieved 21 January 2003)

Countryside Commission ( 1993).Landscape Assessment Guidance, (CCP 423).

Countryside Commission ( 1991 ).Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty: A policy statement. (CCP 302).

Countryside Commission ( 1987).Landscape Assessment: a Cou11tryside Commission Approach (CCD 18).

Clay, G. R., & Daniel, T. C. (2000). Scenic Landscape assessment: The Effects of Land management Jurisdiction on public perception of Scenic Beauty. Landscape and Urban Planning, 49 ( 1-2), 1-13.

Craik, K.H .. (1972). Appraising the objectivity of landscape assessment. In J.V. Krutilla, Natural Environments: Studies in Theoretical and Applied Analysis (pp. 292-346). London: Johns Hopkins University Press. European Commission, (2000).

European Landscape Convention and Explanatory Report. Strasbourg: T-land 6.

European Commission, (200 I). A Sustainable Europe for a Better World: A European Un ion Strategy for Sustai nable Development. Communication COM(200 I )264 final , Brussels, 200 I, http://europa.cu.int/cur- lex/en/com/cnc/200 I I com200 I 0264en0 I .pd I).

European Environmental Agency, (2003). Europe's Environment: The Third Assessment. European Environmental Agency, Copenhagen.

Fui, L.H., Chuen, W.W. and M.P.Mamat. (2006). The Orang Asli and Ecotourism and Develpoment in Cameron High land s. In C.N.Weng, Cameron Highlands: Issues and challenges for sustainable development (pp. 86-93). Penang: Universi ti Sains Malaysia Publi cation.

Galliano, S. J., & Locfner, G. M. (2000). Scenery Assess111e11t: Scenic Beauty at the Ecoregio11 Scale. Forest Service, US Department of Agriculture . Oregon: Pacific Northwest Research Station.

Gary, R. Clay, Robert, K. Smidt. (2004). Assessing the Validity and Reliability of Descriptor. Landscape and Urban Planning, 66(4), 239- 255.

HeraId, S. (2006). Slice of England Deep in the Jungle. The Sydney Morning Gerald: http://www.smh.co m.au/news/as ia/s Ii cc-o f-cngland-deep-i n-thej ungle/2006/02/ l I I I 139542439820.html (retrieved 2 1 January 2008)

Herzog, R. T., Maguire, C. P., & Nebel , M. B. (2003). Assessing the restorative components of environments. Journal of Environ111e11tal Psychology , 23(2), 159-170.

Higuchi, T. (1984). The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscape. London: The MIT Press.

Hull, R. B. and Revell, G. R. B. ( 1989). Cross-cultural compa.cison of' landscape scenic beauty evalu ati ons: a case study in Bali. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 9: 177- 191.

Hull, R., and Stewart, W. (1992). Validity of photo-based scenic beauty judgements. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 2, 7-1 I.

Jantan, M. L. (2003, April 23). Memories of Camerons Long Past. HighBeam Research: http://www.highbeam.com/doc/l P 1-82778509.html (Retrieved 8 January 2008).

Jarvie, C. (200 1, November 25). a land where the different cultures blend and the tea leaf is king; The Independent (London, England). Highbeam Reseacrh: http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1 P2-520785 1.html (Retrieved 8 January 2008).

Kumaran, S. and A.N.Ainuddin. (2006). Forests,water and climate of Cameron Highlands. Jn C. N. Weng, Cameron Highlands Issues and challenges in sustainable development (pp. 1-8). Penang: School of Humanities, Universiti Sains Malaysia Publication.

Litton, R.B. ( 1972). Aesthetic Dimensions of the landscape. In J.V.Krutilla, Natural Environments: Studies Theoretical and Applied Analysis (pp. 262-29 1). London: The Johns Hopkins University Press.

Malaysia, N. L. (2000). Origin of Place Names: Cameron Highlands. Retrieved February 2009, from History of Malaysia: http://sejarahmalaysia.pnm.my/

Malaysia, P. N. (2008). Origin of Place names. History of Malaysia: http://sejarahmalaysia.pnm.my/ (Retrieved 12 January 2008)

Malaysia Town and Country Planning, (2007). Ensiklopedia Undang-Undang dan pentadbiran perancangan bandar dan desa. http://www.townplan.gov.my/terbitan .php

Mapjabil, J., weng, C. N., Mohd Nor, N., & Ghazali, S. (2007). Highland Touri sm in malaysia:lssues and challenges. Proceeding of Seminar Kebangsaan Geografi 2007. Tanjung Malim: FSSK Universiti Kebangsaan Sultan Idris. http://en.forkus.com/d/geografi-2007. htm

Mariapan, M., Abdullah, A. M., Muda, A., & Othman, J. (2008). Tourist's Perceptions on Highland Management: Cameron Highlands Experience. Ecocity World summit 2008 Proceedings (pp. 1-14). San Francisco: Ecocity builders.

Mohaiadin, A. (2003). Cameron Highlands a Fading Beauty: News Straits Times Article. Highbeam Research: http://www.hig hbeam.com/doc/lP 1- 82752252.html (Retrieved 7 January 2008)

New Straits Times (2003). Call For Scientific Expedition to The Cameron Highlands.

Palmer, J.F and Hoffman, R.E., (2001). Rating Reliability and Representation Validity in Scenic Landscape Assessment. Journal of Landscape and Urban Planning, 54, 149-161.

Robert, R.R., ( 1979). The Colonial Genesis of Hill stations: the genting exception. American Geographical Society, 69( 4):463-468

State Government of Pahang (2004).Technical Report, Cameron Highlands Local Plan 2003-2015. Pahang State Department of Town and Country Planning (unpublished)

State Government of Pahang (2008). Interim Report, Pahang State Structure Plan 2002- 2020. Kuala Lumpur: Pejabat Projek Kuantan, Federal Department of Town and Country Planning (Unpublished)

Torres, S.A., Cloquell -Ballestcr, V. & Darton, R. (2007). Development and Validation of a Multicriteria Indicator for the Assessment of Objective Aesthetic Impact of Wind Farms. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 13, 40-66.

Vijendra, D., (2006). The role of REACH in env ironmental conservation - awareness, education & monitoring. In C. N. Weng, Cameron Highlands : Issues and Clial/enges in Sustainable Deveopment (pp. 12-25). Penang: School of Humanities, Universiti Sains Malaysia.

Weng, C. N. (2006). Striking Balance Between Development and Environmental Protection in Cameron Highlands. In C. N. Weng, Cameron Highlands: Issues and Challenges in Sustainable Development (pp. 12-25). Penang: School of Humanities, Universiti Sains Malaysia.

Zube, E. H., Pilt, D. G. and Anderson, T. W. ( 1984). Perception and prediction of Scenic Resources Values of The Northeast. In E. H. Zube, R. 0. Brush, & J. G. Fabos, Landscape Assessment: Values, Perceptions and Resources (pp. 151 - 167). Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Zube, E.H, Sell , J .I. and Taylor, J .G. ( 1982). Landscape Pe rception: Research application, and Theory. Landscape Planning, 9 ( I), 1-33.

Downloads

Published

2013-07-30

How to Cite

Hosni, N., Yusoff, N., & Ismail, H. N. (2013). THE RELIABILITY TEST OF VISUAL LANDSCAPE FEATURES MEASUREMENT IN HIGHLANDS TOURISM PLANNING. PLANNING MALAYSIA, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v11i2.121