PLANNING FOR HERITAGE TOURISM: THE CASE OF LANGKAWI GEOPARK

Authors

  • Ong Puay Liu Institute of Ethnic Studies (KITA) UNIVERSITI KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA
  • Sharina Abd Halim Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI) UNIVERSITI KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v1i1.94

Keywords:

Heritage tourism, heritage conservation, geopark heritage management, planning

Abstract

The principal building blocks underlying Langkawi’s status as a tourist destination and a geopark are its nature and culture. Both these resources provide the platform for Langkawi to grow as a tourist destination since 1980s and receiving the geopark status by GGN and UNESCO in 2007. This paper discusses that while tourism is a commercial enterprise, it has an important role in ensuring Langkawi’s natural environment is well-protected, and local communities’ cultural traditions safeguarded. Central to this need for protection is ‘heritage’ - the basic ingredient in sustaining Langkawi as a premier tourism destination. This necessitates the need to view tourism and heritage management as interdependent, as both rely on the same ‘heritage resources’. Planning can act as the bridge to connect tourism, whose products are identified for their extrinsic values as tourist attractions, and heritage in which assets are identified for their intrinsic values to a community, state, country and the world.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ahmad Sarji. 2008. Keynote Speech on Heritage Conservation: From Past to Present. Bangi: Hotel Equatorial. 15 April.

Akta Warisan Negara 2005 (trans. National Heritage Act 2005). D.R. 29/2005. Rang Undang-Undang Warisan Kebangsaan 2005 (trans. National Heritage Bill 2005)

Anwar Abd Rahman, Mazlan Othman and Ibrahim Komoo. 2004. Langkawi Geopark: Development Concept, Strategic Planning and Implementation Approach. In Warisan Geologi Malaysia (trans. Geological Heritage of Malaysia ), Mohd Shafeea Leman and Ibrahim Komoo, eds. Bangi: LESTARI, UKM. 231-242.

Baswedan, A.R. 1993. Cultural Tourism: A Youth Perspective. In. Universal Tourism: Enriching or Degrading Culture? W. Nuryanti, ed. Proceedings on the International Conference on Cultural Tourism. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.

Bukhart, A.J. and Medlik, S.1981. Tourism: Past, Present and Future. London: Heinemann.

Carrithers, M. 1992. Why Humans Have Cultures: Explaining Anthropology & Social Diversity. Oxford University Press.

Cernea, M.M., ed. 1985. Putting People First. Sociological Variables in Rural Development. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Cohen, E. 1979. A Phenomenology of Tourist Experiences. Sociology , 3, 179-201.

Davidson, T.L. 1994. What are Travel and Tourism: Are They Really An Industry? In Global Tourism: The Next Decade , Theobald W.F., ed. Oxford: Butterworth, Heinemann. 20-26.

De Larderel, Jacqueline Aloisi. 2003. Foreword. In UNEP. Tourism and Local Agenda 21: The Role of Local Authorities in Sustainable Development . Paris, France, UNEP.

Edgell, D.L. 1991. International Tourism Policy: Perspectives for the 1990s. In World Travel and Tourism Review. Indicators, Trends and Forecasts. Vol.1 , Go F.M. and Frechtling D., eds. Oxon, UK: C.A.B. International.

Galeria Perdana Brochure. Undated. Langkawi, Kedah.

Gunn, C.A. 1994. Tourism Planning: Basics, Concepts, Cases. Washington: Taylor and Francis.http://corporate.tourism.gov.my/images/research/pdf/2011/ TouristArrivals_January_2011.pdf

Ibrahim Komoo. 2004. Geoheritage Conservation and Its Potential for Geopark Development in Asia-Oceania. In Warisan Geologi Malaysia (trans. Geological Heritage of Malaysia ), Mohd Shafeea Leman and Ibrahim Komoo, eds. Bangi: LESTARI, UKM. 221-230.

International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS). 2003. International Cultural Tourism Charter . http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/tourism_e.htm

Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia. 2010. Malaysia: Ciri-ciri Asas Penduduk Mengikut Daerah Pentadbiran (trans. Malaysia: The Basic Characteristics of population by Administrative District ). http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/download_ Population/files/BPD/ad_2010.pdf

Ken Makmur Enterprise Brochure. Undated. Kilim Karst Geoforest Park Langkawi.

LADA. Langkawi Development Authority Brochure. Undated. Langkawi Geopark. Langkawi.

Lanfant, M.F. 1993. Methodological and Conceptual Issues Raised by the Study of International Tourism: A Test for Sociology. In Tourism Research: Critiques and Challenges , Pearce D.G. and Butler R.W., eds. London: Routledge.

Langkawi Development Authority. 2009. Laporan Tahunan 2009 ( trans. Annual Report 2009 ).

Langkawi: LADA. Langkawi Development Authority. 2011. Visitor arrivals statistics to Langkawi 2011. http://www.lada.gov.my/tourism/wp-xdownload/eStatistic%20Arrival%202011. pdf

Langkawi District Council. 2011. Ringkasan Eksekutif Draf Rancangan Tempatan Daerah Langkawi 2020 (Peta Cadangan dan Jadual Kelas Kegunaan Tanah ( trans. Executive Summary, Langkawi District Local Plan 2020 (Suggestion Map and Table Land Use Classes) Kedah: Majlis Perbandaran Langkawi, Kuah dan Jabatan Perancangan Bandar dan Desa, Kedah.

Langkawi District Council. 2011. Draf Rancangan Tempatan Daerah Langkawi 2001- 2015. Jilid 1a – Laporan Rancangan Tempatan (trans. Langkawi District Local Plan Draft 2001-2015. Volume 1a – Local Plan Report), Kedah: Jabatan Perancangan Bandar dan Desa, Kedah dan Majlis Perbandaran Langkawi, Kuah.

Langley, Caroline. 2002. Development Policy for Langkawi: The Environmental and Economic Implications of Encouraging Tourism. A Report Submitted in the Partial Fulfilment of the Requirement for the Msc and/or DIC. Department of Environment Science and Technology, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, (University of London). Unpublished.

Lovel, H. and M.T. Feuerstein. 1992. Editorial Introduction: After the Carnival: Tourism and Community Development. Community Development Journal , 27, 335-352.

Lynn, W. 1992. Tourism in the People’s Interest. Community Development Journal , 27, 371-377.

McIntosh, R.W., Goeldner, C.R. and Ritchie, J.R.B. 1995. Tourism: Principles, Practices , Philosophies. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

McKeever, Patrick James. 2009. The UNESCO Global Network of National Geoparks: Geological Heritage and Sustainability. LESTARI Public Lecture No. 7. Bangi: LESTARI, UKM.

McKercher, Bob and Hilary du Cross. 2008. Cultural Tourism: The Partnership Between Tourism and Cultural Heritage Management . New York and London: Routledge.

Mohd Shafeea Leman, Kamarulzaman Abdul Ghani, Ibrahim Komoo and Norhayati Ahmad, eds. 2007. Langkawi Geopark . Bangi: LESTARI, UKM and LADA Publication.

Murphy, P.E. 1985. Tourism: A Community Approach . New York: Methuen.

Nair, Vikneswaran. 2006. Guiding the Industry Towards Responsible Tourism: A Wild Asian and Taylor’s College Initiative. Tourism Symposium , 31 July 2006, Universiti Sains Malaysia.

Nash, D. 1981. Tourism as an Anthropological Subject. Current Anthropology , 22, 461-468.

New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Victoria. 2001 . http://www.environment.gov.au/ parks/publications/best-practice/cultural-hert-mang/app2.html

Nieto, J.A. 1976. Tourism: Its Penetration and Development on a Spanish Island. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, University of Michigan.

Northern Corridor Economic Region. 2011. Chapter 4: Services: Building World- Class Offerings in Tourism and Logistics Services. (online). http://www.ncer.com. my/site/_sys/storage/docs/downloads/blueprint/en_ncer_chpt4.pdf

Ong Puay Liu and Sharina Abd Halim. 2010. Trilogy in Geopark Governance: The Geo , The Bio and the Anthropos. Simposium Kebangsaan Warisan dan Pemuliharaan (trans. National Heritage and Conservation Symposium ), organised by the Heritage and Conservation Research Cluster, UKM, 26-28 February, Langkawi.

Ong Puay Liu and Sharina Abd Halim. 2009. Langkawi Global Geopark: Views of the Local Community, Tourists and Tour Operators. World Civic Forum 2009 , organised by Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea & United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA), 5-8 May 2009, COEX, Seoul, Korea.

Ong Puay Liu, Sharina Abdul Halim, Ibrahim Komoo and Rahimah Abd Aziz. 2010. The Making of ‘GeoParkians’: The Langkawian Way. Simposium Kebangsaan Warisan dan Pemuliharaan (trans. National Heritage and Conservation Symposium ), organised by the Heritage and Conservation Research Cluster, UKM, 26-28 February, Langkawi.

Ong Puay Liu. 2008. Packaging Myths for Tourism: The Rungus of Kudat . Bangi: Penerbit UKM.

Rahimah Abdul Aziz and Ong Puay Liu. 2011. Cultural Heritage in Placemaking: Local Legends and Origin of Place Names. Article in this volume.

Sharina Abdul Halim and Ibrahim Komoo. 2007. Traditional Malay House in Langkawi. In Langkawi Geopark , Mohd Shafeea Leman, Kamarulzaman Abdul Ghani, Ibrahim Komoo and Norhayati Ahmad, eds. Bangi: LESTARI, UKM and LADA Publication. 36.

Sharina Abdul Halim and Hood Salleh. 2007. Fishing Community of Langkawi – Keeping the Tradition Alive in the Midst of Tourism Development. In Langkawi Geopark , Mohd Shafeea Leman, Kamarulzaman Abdul Ghani, Ibrahim Komoo and Norhayati Ahmad, eds. Bangi: LESTARI, UKM and LADA Publication.33-34.

State Government of Kedah. 2010. Draf Rancangan Struktur Negeri Kedah (2002- 2020) (trans. Draft Kedah Structure Plan ). Kedah: Jabatan Perancangan Bandar dan Desa, Kedah

The Star Online. 2011. Langkawi Tourism To Get A Boost. http://thestar.com.my/ news/story.asp?file=/2011/4/10/nation/20110410182956&sec=nation

Tourism Malaysia Corporate Website. 2011. Malaysia Truly Asia - Advertising Campaign for Europe2. (online). http://corporate.tourism.gov.my/images/ Malaysia%20Truly%20Asia/Europe_2.pdf

Tourism Malaysia. 2008. Malaysia Travel Guide (Langkawi) . Kuala Lumpur.

Tourism Malaysia. 2011. Facts and Figures. (Online). http://corporate.tourism.gov.my/ research.asp

UNESCO. 2010. Guidelines and Criteria for National Geoparks Seeking UNESCO’s Assistance To Join Global Geoparks Network (GGN) (April 2010). http://www. unesco.org/science/earth/doc1geopark/2010guidelines.pdf

UNWTO Tourism Highlights. 2011. Facts and Figures. (online). http://mkt.unwto.org/ sites/all/files/docpdf/unwtohighlights11enhr_1.pdf

UNWTO. 2011. About the Theme for World Tourism Day. (Online). http://wtd.unwto. org/en/content/about-theme-tourism-linking-cultures

Urry, J. 1990. The Tourist Gaze: Leisure and Travel in Contemporary Societies . London: Sage Publications.

Walji, H. 1990. The Third World: A Mass of Destinations. Third World Guide . 1991/92. Montevideo, Uruguay: Instituto del Tercer Mundo.

Wong, S.L. 2008. Geoforest Parks: Hanging Gardens of Langkawi. Commemorative Edition. Kuala Lumpur: Forestry Department Peninsular Malaysia and LESTARI, UKM.

Yearly, Steve. 1996. Universalising the Discourse of Science. Lecture Notes for Sociological Evidence and Cultural Research . Summer School organised by British Sociological Association, 2-6 September, University of Teesside, Stockton, England.

Yoong , Eva. 1999. Tourism in Langkawi Island. TED Case Studies . (Trade and Environment Database), 9, 3 September. http://www1.american.edu/TED/ langkawi.htm

Downloads

Published

2011-07-30

How to Cite

Puay Liu, O., & Abd Halim, S. (2011). PLANNING FOR HERITAGE TOURISM: THE CASE OF LANGKAWI GEOPARK. PLANNING MALAYSIA, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v1i1.94