IDENTIFYING THE DRIVERS OF HOUSEHOLD WATER USAGE EFFICIENCY IN TERENGGANU: THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR (TPB) APPROACH
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v23i35.1687Keywords:
Water Scarcity, Pattern, Water Usage, Consumer BehaviourAbstract
In the contemporary era, the issue of water scarcity has emerged as a critical concern on a global scale. Factors such as rapid population expansion, urbanization, and the uncertainties associated with climate change have exerted significant influence on water availability, particularly in the context of domestic consumption. Regions including Klang Valley, Selangor, Johor, Perlis, Melaka, and Negeri Sembilan are currently grappling with water shortages. Despite Malaysia's reputation for substantial rainfall, the nation is increasingly confronted with freshwater scarcity concerns. Consequently, the primary objectives encompass an examination of water consumption patterns and the identification of determinants driving water conservation within households. The study sample encompasses 271 households. Results indicate that both attitude and subjective norms are significantly correlated with water use efficiency, with corresponding p-values of 0.076 and 0.86, respectively. The insights gleaned from water usage patterns can serve as valuable tools for water operators in the management and educational efforts targeted at households, including campaigns promoting sustainable water usage and conservation practices.
Downloads
References
Abrahamse, W. (2019). Encouraging Pro-Environmental Behaviour: What Works, What Doesn't, and Why. London: Academic Press.
Addo, I. B., Thoms, M. C., & Parsons, M. (2018). Barriers and drivers of household water-conservation behavior: a profiling approach. Water 10(12): 1794. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/w10121794
Ajzen, I. (1985). From intention to actions: A theory of planned behavior. In J. Kuhl, & J. Beckman (Eds.), Action control: From cognition to behavior (pp. 11-39). New York: Springer-Verlag. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69746-3_2
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organ. Behav. Hum. Decis. Process 50: 179-211. doi: 10.4135/9781446249215.n22(Ajzen, 1991)
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
Ajzen, I. (2002). Constructing a TPB questionnaire: conceptual and methodological considerations. Brief Description of the Theory of Planned Behavior, 1-14
Ajzen, I. (2006). Constructing a Theory of Planned Behavior Questionnaire. 1-12.
Bamberg, Sebastian & Möser, Guido. 2007. Twenty years after Hines, Hungerford, and Tomera: A new meta-analysis of psycho-social determinants of pro-environmental behaviour. Journal of Environmental Psychology 27: 14-25. 10.1016/j.jenvp.2006.12.002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2006.12.002
Bandura, Albert. (2010). Self‐Efficacy. 10.1002/9780470479216.corpsy0836. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470479216.corpsy0836
Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural Equation Modeling with Amos: Basic Concepts, Applications, and Programming (2nd ed.). New York: Taylor and Francis Group.
C.K. Aitken, T.A. McMahon, A.J. Wearing, B.L. Finlayson (1994). Residential water use: predicting and reducing consumption. J. Appl. Soc. Psychol., 24: 136-158 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1994.tb00562.x
Contzen, N., and Mosler, H.J. (2012). "The Risks, Attitudes, Norms, Abilities, and Self-regulation (RANAS) Approach to systematic behavior change," in Eawag. Available online at: https://www.eawag.ch/en/department/ess/ (Retrieved April 20, 2020).
Corral-Verdugo, M. Frias-Armenta, F. Perez-Urias, V. Orduna-Cabrera, N. Espinoza Gallego (2002). Residential water consumption, motivation for conserving water and the continuing tragedy of the commons, Environmental Management, 30: 527-535 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-002-2599-5
Daxini, A., O'Donoghue, C., Ryan, M., Buckley, C., Barnes, A. P., & Daly, K. (2018). Which factors influence farmers' intentions to adopt nutrient management planning? Journal of environmental management, 224, 350–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.07.059 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.07.059
Dean, A. J., Fielding, K. S., and Newton, F. J. (2016). Community knowledge about water: who has better knowledge and is this associated with water-related behaviors and support for water-related policies? PLoS ONE 1: e0159063. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159063 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0159063
Dreibelbis, R., Winch, P., Leontsini, E., Hulland, K. R., Ram, P. K., Unicomb, L., et al. (2013). The integrated behavioural model for water, sanitation, and hygiene: a systematic review of behavioural models and a framework for designing and evaluating. BMC Public Health 13:1015. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-1015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-1015
Fielding, K. S., Russell, S., Spinks, A. & Mankad, A. (2012). Determinants of household water conservation: the role of demographic, infrastructure, behavior, and psychosocial variables. Water Resources Research, 48(10). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2012WR012398
Fu, Y., and Wu, W. (2014). “Behaviour interventions for water end use: an integrated model,” in ICAC 2014 - Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Automation and Computing: Future Automation, Computing and Manufacturing. ICAC, 14. University of Strathclyde Press (Strathclyde).
Y. Fu and W. Wu (2014). Behaviour interventions for water end use: An integrated model. 20th International Conference on Automation and Computing, Cranfield, UK, 266-271, doi: 10.1109/IConAC.2014.6935498 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/IConAC.2014.6935498
G.J. Syme, C. Seligman, J.F. Thomas (1990-1991). Predicting water consumption from homeowners' attitudes, Journal of Environmental Systems, 20: 157-168
George, D. and Mallery, P. (2010). SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference 17.0 Update. 10th Edition, Pearson, Boston.
Gibson, K.E.; Lamm, A.J.; Woosnam, K.M.; Croom, D.B. 2021. Predicting intent to conserve freshwater resources using the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Water 13, 2581 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/w13182581
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J. et al. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Ham, Marija & Stanić, Marina & Freimann, Anita. (2015). The role of subjective norms in forming the intention to purchase green food. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja. 28. 738-748. 10.1080/1331677X.2015.1083875. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2015.1083875
Harland, Paul & Staats, Henk & Wilke, Henk. (2006). Explaining Proenvironmental Intention and Behavior by Personal Norms and the Theory of Planned Behavior1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 29: 2505 - 2528. 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1999.tb00123.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1999.tb00123.x
Hongyun Si, Xu Duan, Wenjia Zhang, Yangyue Su, Guangdong Wu (2022). Are you a water saver? Discovering people's water-saving intention by extending the theory of planned behavior, Journal of Environmental Management 311,114848, ISSN 0301-4797, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114848. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114848
Kamarudin, K. (2020). Changing Consumer Attitudes Towards Water https://www.bernama.com/en/features/news.php?id=1816022
Khair, S. M., Mushtaq, S., Reardon-Smith, K., and Ostini, J. (2019). Diverse drivers of unsustainable groundwater extraction behaviour operate in an unregulated water scarce region. J. Environ. Manage. 236: 340-350. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.12.077 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.12.077
Klöckner, Christian. (2013). A Comprehensive Model of the Psychology of Environmental Behaviour - A Meta-Analysis. Global Environmental Change. 23: 1028-1038. 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.05.014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.05.014
López-Mosquera, N., & Sánchez, M. (2012). Theory of Planned Behavior and the Value-Belief-Norm Theory explaining willingness to pay for a suburban park. Journal of environmental management 113: 251-62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.08.029
Madden, T. J., Ellen, P. S., & Ajzen, I. (1992). A comparison of the theory of planned behavior and the theory of reasoned action. Personality and social psychology Bulletin, 18(1): 3-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167292181001
Midden, C. J., & Ritsema, B. S. (1983). The meaning of normative processes for energy conservation. Journal of Economic Psychology 4(1-2):37-55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-4870(83)90044-2
Mosler, H. J. (2012). A systematic approach to behavior change interventions for the water and sanitation sector in developing countries: a conceptual model, a review, and a guideline. Int. J. Environ. Health Res. 22:431-449. doi: 10.1080/09603123.2011.650156 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09603123.2011.650156
Moura, L. R. C., Souki, G. Q., Veiga, R. T., da Silveira Cunha, N. R., & Fontes, S. T. (2017). Beliefs, attitudes, subjective rules and perceived control about water saving behavior. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 8(4): 77. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/mjss-2017-0007
Murat Okumah & Ata Senior Yeboah & Elias Nkiaka & Richard Apatewen Azerigyik, 2019. "What Determines Behaviours Towards Water Resources Management in a Rural Context? Results of a Quantitative Study," Resources, MDPI, 8(2): 1-19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/resources8020109
Perren, K., & Yang, L. (2015). Psychosocial and behavioural factors associated with intention to save water around the home: A Greek case study. Procedia Engineering, 119(1), 1447–1454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.08.1005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.08.1005
Russell, S. V. & Knoeri, C. (2020). Exploring the psychosocial and behavioural determinants of household water conservation and intention. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 36(6): 940-955. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2019.1638230
Steg, Linda & Vlek, Charles. (2009). Encouraging pro-environmental behavior: An integrative review and research agenda. Journal of Environmental Psychology 20: 309-317. 10.1016/j.jenvp.2008.10.004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2008.10.004
Stern, (2000) Toward a coherent theory of environmentally significant behavior. J. Soc. Issues, 56 (3): 407-424 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00175
Syme, G. J., Nancarrow, B. E., & Seligman, C. (2000). The evaluation of information campaigns to promote voluntary household water conservation. Evaluation Review, 24, 539-578. doi:10.1177/0013916514543683 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0193841X0002400601
Syme G. J., Seligman C., Thomas J. F. (1990-1991). Predicting water consumption from homeowners’ attitudes. Journal of Environmental Systems, 20, 157-168. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2190/FNV4-VCV2-L1T9-4R62
Syme, Geoffrey & Shao, Quanxi & Po, Murni & Campbell, Eddy. (2004). Predicting and Understanding Home Garden Water Use. Landscape and Urban Planning. 68: 121-128. 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2003.08.002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2003.08.002
Untaru E N, Epuran G and Ispas A. (2014) A conceptual framework of consumer’s pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors in the tourism context Bulletin of the Transylvania University of Braşov Series V Economic Sciences 7(2):85-94
Yuriev, A., Dahmen, M., Paillé, P., Boiral, O., and Guillaumie, L. (2020). Pro-environmental behaviors through the lens of the theory of planned behavior: a scoping review. Resour. Conserv. Recycle. 155:104660. doi: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.104660 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.104660
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 Unported License.
Copyright & Creative Commons Licence
eISSN: 0128-0945 © Year. The Authors. Published for Malaysia Institute of Planners. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.
The authors hold the copyright without restrictions and also retain publishing rights without restrictions.
