ANALYSING NEIGHBOURHOOD SAFETY FOR CHILDREN IN SHAH ALAM, MALAYSIA USING FUZZY-AHP AND GIS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v22i34.1616Keywords:
children safety, fuzzy-ahp, GIS, MCDA, spatial analysisAbstract
Children could be vulnerable to being victims of kidnapping cases due to their cognitive level in perceiving safety. Until September 2023, 4,471 missing persons were reported all around Malaysia. As there is a growing concern regarding children’s safety, this study was conducted throughout the Shah Alam region as it is one of the biggest cities in Selangor, which has several factors contributing to kidnapping cases towards children. However, does every section in Shah Alam have a high level of safety and is suitable for children? Geographic Information System (GIS) and Fuzzy-Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) are used as the main processes in decision-making when identifying the Neighbourhood Safety for Children in Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. Based on previous studies, five (5) main criteria were selected, i.e., Perceived Safety, Transportation Accessibility, Land-Use, Public Facilities and Population Density. They were represented on the ground using the sub-criteria. Spatial data was collected, and 15 criterion maps were established, undergoing editing, rasterisation and reclassification. A pairwise comparison matrix was created to determine the weightage of these criteria, and Weighted Overlay Analysis was used to identify the safety level for each section. The results showed moderate neighbourhood safety (index level 5 or 6) for children in Shah Alam, with southern and western areas having worse safety levels (index value 4) compared to the middle and eastern parts. The safety index exhibits a random pattern (Moran I: -0.3333), indicating that it is spatially independent and unaffected by nearby sections. This index could help local authorities improve safety measures in the area.
Downloads
References
Ali, E. . (2020). Geographic Information System (GIS): Definition, Development, Applications & Components. Department of Geography.
Azlan, M. A. I., & Naharudin, N. (2020). Measuring Safety Index for Pedestrian Path by Using AHP-GIS. Built Environment Journal, Special Issue, 67 – 75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24191/bej.v17iSI.11747
Azmi, D.I., & Ahmad, P. (2015). A GIS Approach: Determinant of Neighbourhood Environment Indices in Influencing. Seoul Asian Conference on Environment-Behaviour Studies Chung-Ang University, 57 – 566. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.057 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.057
Brown, C., Lannoy, A. d., McCracken, D., Gill, T., Grant, M., Wright, H., & Williams, S. (2019). Special Issue: Child-Friendly Cities. Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. doi:10.1080/23748834.2019.1682836 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2019.1682836
Chang, K. (2016). Introduction to Geographic Information Systems. McGraw-Hill Education.
DOSM. (2021). The Source of Malaysia’s Official Statistics. Retrieved from Department of Statistics Malaysia Official Portal: https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/
Elhosni, S., & Faiz, S. (2021). GIS-Based Evolutionary Approaches Using Multiple-Criteria Decision Analysis for Spatial Issues. In Interdisciplinary Approaches to Spatial Optimisation Issues (pp. 49-61). IGI Global. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1954-7.ch003
Gemmell, E., Ramsden, R., Brussoni, M., & Brauer, M. (2023). Influence of neighborhood built environments on the outdoor free play of young children: A systematic, mixed-studies review and thematic synthesis. Journal of urban health, 100(1), 118-150. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-022-00696-6
Gheda, M. L. M., & Ilmi, H. S. (2019). The Safe and Nurturing Living Environment for Urban Children. The Safe and Nurturing Living Environment for Urban Children.
Gokumen, H. & TASCI, B. G. (2016). Children’s Views about Child Friendly City: A Case Study from Izmir. Academic, 11(4). DOI: https://doi.org/10.5505/megaron.2016.20981
Ilmi, H. S., Gheda, M. L. M., & Yusof, N. A. (2018). Neighbourhood Safety and Outdoor Play Activities among Urban Children in Shah Alam, Malaysia. IOP 2nd International Conference on Architecture and Civil Engineering.
Jacobs, J. (1961). The Uses of Sidewalks: Safety. In J. Jacobs, The Death and Life of Great American Cities (pp. 106-111). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23708-1_9
Jain, D. M. (2011). Examrace Mastering GIS and Geographic Tools. Examrace.
Kallus, &. R. (2015). What is a Neighbourhood? The Structure and Function of an Idea. ReasearchGate.
Lueder, R. (2007). Designing Cities and Neighborhoods for Children. In Ergonomics for Children. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203609163.secg
Malczewski, J., & Rinner, C. (2015). Multicriteria Decision Analysis in Geographic Information Science. In Analysis method. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74757-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74757-4
Montréal. (2015). “What makes a child feel unsafe in their neighborhood?”. ScienceDaily. Retrieved from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/03/150331113456.htm
Ogneva-Himmelberger, Y., Ross, L., Caywood, T., Khananayev, M., & Starr, C. (2019). Analysing the Relationship between Perception of Safety and Reported Crime in an Urban Neighborhood Using GIS and Sketch Maps. International Journal of Geo-Information. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8120531
Rakhimova, N., McAslan, D., & Pijawka, D. (2022). Measuring Child-Friendly Cities: Developing and Piloting an Indicator Assessment Tool for Sustainable Neighborhood Planning. Journal of Urbanism. doi:10.1080/17549175.2022.2111589 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17549175.2022.2111589
Roslan, A., & Naharudin, N. Identification of e-Scooter Shared (ESS) Stations by using a GIS-based MCDM Approach. International Journal of Geoinformatics, 19(5), 69-78.
Ruslan, N., Naharudin, N., Salleh, A. H., Halim, M. A., & Abd Latif, Z. (2023). Spatial Walkability Index (SWI) Of Pedestrian Access to Rail Transit Station In Kuala Lumpur City Center. PLANNING MALAYSIA, 21(5), 237-252. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v21i29.1368
Saaty, T. (1980). The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) for decision making.
Tappe, K. A., Glanz, K., F Sallis, J., Zhou, C., & E Saelens, B. (2013). Children’s Physical Activity and Parents’ Perception of the Neighborhood Environment: Neighborhood Impact on Kids Study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. Retrieved from http://www.ijbnpa.org/content/10/1/39 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-10-39
Vogdrup-Schmidt, M., Olsen, S. B., Dubgaard, A., Kristensen, I. T., Jørgensen, L. B., Normander, B., & Dalgaard, T.. (2019). Using spatial multi-criteria decision analysis to develop new and sustainable directions for the future use of agricultural land in Denmark. Ecological Indicators. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.03.056
Yusuf, S. Z., Tahir, Z., & Samsudin, S. (2021). Analysis of Elements Influencing Child Safety in High-Rise Buildings using Analytical Method. PLANNING MALAYSIA, 19(4), 110-120. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v19i18.1037
Zougheibe, R., Cecilia Xia, J., Dewan, A., Ori Gudes, & Norman, R. (2021). Children’s Outdoor Active Mobility Behaviour and Neighbourhood Safety: A Systematic Review in Measurement Methods and Future Research Directions. International Journal of Health Geographics. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1186/s12942-020-00254-w DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12942-020-00254-w
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 Unported License.
Copyright & Creative Commons Licence
eISSN: 0128-0945 © Year. The Authors. Published for Malaysia Institute of Planners. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.
The authors hold the copyright without restrictions and also retain publishing rights without restrictions.
