DEVELOPING URBAN WALKABILITY MEASURES GROUNDED IN GREEN URBANISM PRINCIPLES USING THE DELPHI SURVEY STUDY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v22i34.1591Keywords:
Green Urbanism, Urban Walkability, Walkability Index, Delphi SurveyAbstract
This paper investigates the correlation between Green Urbanism Principles (GUP) and urban walkability. It begins with a Literature Investigation to identify green urbanism components and principles by utilising the Green Urbanism concept by Beatley and Lehmann's Principles of Green Urbanism as a framework. Three-stage Delphi Surveys were conducted to conclude the associated GUP, parameters, potential indicators, and themes of Green Urbanism Quality with urban walkability. The study addresses a literature gap, which is found by linking green urbanism principles to walkability indices and fills it effectively. The outcome is the validated Green Urbanism Walkability Index (GUWI). Moreover, the research emphasises the need for a quality urban environment that stimulates walking in Malaysia. Four main themes of Green Urbanism Quality, namely Nature, Urbanism, Liveability, and Culture and Identity, significantly promote urban walkability. A walkable city triggers positive effects, including lively street-level activities, increased security, and economic stability. Landscapes, greeneries, and well-integrated pedestrian networks further enhance walkability. The results emphasise the crucial link between green urbanism principles and the walkability index, allowing for better identification and measurement of walkability. Implementing the system requires enhancing technical and cultural aspects through training, education, and regulation. This research contributes significantly to the body of walkability studies, particularly in the Malaysian context.
Downloads
References
Beatley, T. (2001). Green Urbanism: Learning from European Cities. Canada: Island press.
Beatley, T., & Newman, P. (2009). Green Urbanism Down Under: Learning from Sustainable Communities in Australia. Washington DC: Island Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07293682.2009.9995314
Beatley, T., & Newman, P. (2013). Biophilic cities are sustainable, resilient cities. Sustainability (Switzerland), 5(8), 3328–3345. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su5083328
Department of Statistics Malaysia-Kedah. (2020). Statistik kedah 2020. Alor Setar.
Department of Statistics Malaysia. (2018). Malaysia at a Glance. Retrieved from https://www.dosm.gov.my
Jamin, T. I. A. T. M., Mohmad Shukri, S., Taib, I., & A M R, A. (2021). Revitalizing Malay Royal Town: A Case Study in Alor Setar Kedah. Malaysia Architectural Journal, 3(3), 1–8. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357912409
Koo, B. W., Guhathakurta, S., & Botchwey, N. (2022). Development and validation of automated microscale walkability audit method. Health & Place, 73(January). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102733
Lehmann, S. (2010). The principles of green urbanism: Transforming the city for sustainability (1st ed.). London: Earthscan. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3992/jgb.6.1.104
Lehmann, S. (2013). Transforming the city with sustainable design | Opinion | Eco-Business | Asia Pacific. Retrieved February 18, 2016, from http://www.eco-business.com/opinion/transforming-city-sustainable-design/
Li, M., Gao, Q., & Yu, T. (2023). Kappa statistic considerations in evaluating inter-rater reliability between two raters: which, when and context matters. BMC Cancer, 23(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-023-11325-z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-023-11325-z
MBAS. (2022). Misi dan Visi Alor Setar. Retrieved May 10, 2024, from http://www.mbas.gov.my/ms/mas/profil/misi-visi
Moses Lomoro, A. B., Guogping, X., & John Ladu, L. C. (2017). Causes and consequences of rural-urban migration: The case of Juba Metropolitan, Republic of South Sudan C. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 81(102130), 9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/81/1/012130
Rhodes, R. E., Cox, A., & Sayar, R. (2022). What Predicts the Physical Activity Intention-Behavior Gap a Systematic Review. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 56(1), pp1–20. https://doi.org/10.1093/abm/kaab044 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/abm/kaab044
Samsudin, N. A., Rosley, M. S. F., Lai L. Y., Omar, S. R., Rashid, M. F., Mohd Hanifi, N. N. & Bakhtiar, I. S. (2022). A Comparative Study of Smart City Initiatives in Malaysia: Puterajaya and Iskandar Puteri. Planning Malaysia Journal. 20(5), pp14-28 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v20i24.1180
The Economic Planning Unit (Malaysia). (2023). Rancangan Malaysia Kesebelas (Eleventh Malaysia Plan) : 2016-2020. Economic Planning Unit, Prime Minister’s Department. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Retrieved from http://rmk11.epu.gov.my/book/eng/Elevent-Malaysia-Plan/RMKe-11 Book.pdf
World Economic Forum. (2023). The Global Risks Report 2023 (18th Editi). Geneva: World Economic Forum.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 Unported License.
Copyright & Creative Commons Licence
eISSN: 0128-0945 © Year. The Authors. Published for Malaysia Institute of Planners. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.
The authors hold the copyright without restrictions and also retain publishing rights without restrictions.