IDENTIFICATION OF URBAN SPRAWL TYPES BASED ON THE SPRAWL EXPANSION PATTERN INDEX IN SIX PERI-URBAN DISTRICTS OF MANADO CITY, INDONESIA

Abstract

This paper attempts to identify the typology of urban sprawl or the horizontal physical expansion of built-up land in 6 districts that constitute the peri-urban area of ​​Manado City, Indonesia. The study is based on the Sprawl Expansion Pattern Index metric values, which is the ratio between the area and perimeter of new built-up land expansion plots in the last two decades (2004-2024). This metric value is quantified using the ArcGIS application, utilizing the results of the extraction of built-up and unbuilt land (black-and-white hypothesis) from spatiotemporal satellite imagery data with the help of Google Earth Engine. The analysis results show that the dominant sprawl typology occurring in the study area is the Edge Sprawl type, which reaches a proportion of 80.30% of the total physical expansion of built-up land during that period. This type of sprawl occurs through physical expansion at the edges of pre-existing built-up land clusters. Edge sprawl that occurs between 2 or more built-up land clusters can in principle be seen as a type of Infill Development, which over time will lead to the merging of previously built-up land clusters to form a larger and more compact cluster. The dominance of another identified sprawl type is Leapfrog Sprawl with a proportion of 18.94%. Leapfrog sprawl is identical to a jumping physical expansion pattern, which passes through open land and creates spatial fragmentation. Ribbon Sprawl type, namely linear expansion along the main road corridor, was identified to occur with a very small proportion of 0.76%.