LAYERED SPATIAL ADAPTATION IN INFORMAL COASTAL SETTLEMENTS TOWARD URBAN RESILIENCE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v24i42.2072Keywords:
Coastal Settlements, Layered Spatial Adaptation, Territorialized, Adaptive, Urban InformalityAbstract
Rapid coastal urbanization in the Global South intensifies development pressures on informal settlements situated between metropolitan expansion and ecologically fragile coastal zones. Existing studies often frame adaptation as microscale housing modifications or climate responses, providing a limited understanding of how spatial change accumulates over time at the settlement scale. This study examines layered spatial adaptation in the informal coastal settlement of Tanjung Bunga, Makassar, Indonesia. Using a qualitative case study approach, it integrates spatial mapping (QField), morphological analysis, GIS-based reconstruction from satellite and topographic data, and qualitative coding (NVivo 12 Plus) to trace the transformation from the 1980s to 2024. The findings identify four overlapping phases: (1) vernacular ecological adaptation rooted in fishing livelihoods; (2) infrastructure-induced spatial reorientation following metropolitan road development; (3) tourism-driven economic consolidation through hybridization of domestic space; and (4) territorial negotiation characterized by access control and communal spatial claims. These phases coexist as layered spatial configurations that reorganize circulation networks, dwelling orientation, communal nodes, and coastal-edge use. The study conceptualizes informal coastal settlements as territorialized adaptive assemblages, where adaptation unfolds cumulatively under ecological and metropolitan pressures. Spatial plasticity enables communities to negotiate territorial agency and move toward resilience without erasing vernacular spatial logics.
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